![]() ![]() For example, insights from biological synchronization have shed light on neutrino oscillations 17, phase locking in Josephson junction arrays 18, the dynamics of power grids 19, 20, and the unexpected wobbling of London’s Millennium Bridge on opening day 21.Ī similarly fruitful interplay between physics and biology has occurred in the study of the coordinated movement of groups of animals. There has also been traffic in the other direction, from biology back to physics. The analyses often borrow techniques from statistical physics, such as mean-field approximations, renormalization group analyses 13, 14, and finite-size scaling 15, 16. Kuramoto’s model in turn has been generalized to other large systems of biological oscillators, such as chorusing frogs 6, firing neurons 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and even human concert audiences clapping in unison 12. Then Kuramoto simplified Winfree’s model and solved it exactly 2, leading to an explosion of interest in the dynamics of coupled oscillators 3, 4, 5. He discovered that above a critical coupling strength, synchronization breaks out spontaneously, in a manner reminiscent of a phase transition. In 1967, Winfree proposed a coupled oscillator model for the circadian rhythms that underlie daily cycles of activity in virtually all plants and animals 1. This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of a breakthrough in the study of synchronization. These states may be observable in groups of sperm, Japanese tree frogs, colloidal suspensions of magnetic particles, and other biological and physical systems in which self-assembly and synchronization interact. A case study of a generalized Kuramoto model predicts five collective states as possible long-term modes of organization. We call them swarmalators, to highlight their dual character. Specifically, we consider oscillators whose phase dynamics and spatial dynamics are coupled. Here we explore systems in which both synchronization and swarming occur together. A complementary form of self-organization occurs among swarming insects, flocking birds, or schooling fish now the individuals move through space, but without conspicuously altering their internal states. In the synchronized state, the individual cells or lasers coordinate the timing of their oscillations, but they do not move through space. Synchronization occurs in many natural and technological systems, from cardiac pacemaker cells to coupled lasers. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |